(
*
)
ռԫ
Ἷ
ռԫ
ӫѡ
1874
ѡ ӫѡ
21
ߴ ӫѡ
9
ԫ ӫѡ
濼߬ ., ҿ߬ ., .ӫԫ
ӫԫѮ
١ ӫԫѴ ᡫ ռԫ, Ѯ ߬ẫ ӡ.
Ӫ ѡ ᡫ ԫ ӫ, ԫ ӿ Ӫ.
ѡἿ ٽ ᬪ .ᡡ .伿ӿ ռԫ ѡ
.ǽѬ ѡԫ ߬
ԫ
[
1
]
[
2
]
ӫԫѮ ᡡ ռԫ ѡ
ӫԫѮ ᡡ ռԫ
[
1899.
]
[
1899-1912.
]
[
1912-1919.
]
[
1919.
]
[
1937-1938.
]
ẫ
濼߬ ի Ѽӿ
ߴ 濼߬ ի Ѽӿ. 1894., ӫѡ, ٽ
3-
Ҫѡ
濼߬ ., ѡ߬ ., .
䫽
Ὣڿ
1895
1899
ѡ
1
ߴ
10
Ҭѡ
ᬫ
1899
ѡ
1
ߴ
10
ԫ
ѻ߬ 濼߬ ٺ߬ 쿬
Ҫѡ
濼߬ ., ҡ߬ ., .ѬѼ
ᬫ
1899
ѡ
1
ߴ
10
1902
ߴ
8
濼߬, ӻ. Ѫ߬ ӿ 濼߬ Ҫ߬ ế
ᬫ
1902
ߴ
8
1911
1909. .ᡡ ٽ ѽѼ ԫ, ᬪ .. ѽ ӿ
濼߬ Ҫ߬ ế ӿ 濼߬ 1- ѡ߬ ế
濼߬, ߬ Ӭ
ᬫ
1911
1912
ѡ
15
ߴ
12
Ҭѡ
Ѯ
1912
ѡ
15
ߴ
12
ԫ Ҭ
ѻ߬ ѡἿ
Ҫѡ
濼߬ ., ҡ߬ ., .Ӭ
ѡ
1912
ѡ
15
ߴ
12
1914
1913. .ᡡ ٽ ᬫѽѼ ߬ .
.ᡡ ԫӿԫ ӿի: ҽӡٮ, ẫᡡٮ, իӫ
Ѽ. ѡѼ ӿիἿ, ẵټ ѡѼ
ѫ ѡ . .ᡡ ѽ, ԫ ٻ
ԫ, Կ Ѭߡٮ ӫ
ӫ ӿӫ ߽. ū Կ ٽ ᡫ ԡ
ѺԿ
濼߬, ѡ߬ Ӭ ӿ ӿ߬ ߬ ӿ
ѡ
1914
1919
1914. .ᡡ ѡ ūѽ߬ 濼߬ 1- ѡ߬ ế,
1915. ѡ 濼߬ տ ԫ-ӫ .
.ᡡ ٽ ѡ ԫ ἴ 300-Կ ɫᡫ
1916., ѡ Ѽ, ٽ ạѡ ѡ 242 ߡ ,
Կӫ 濼߬, ߫ѡѼ ӿ ӿ߬
濼߬
1917
ߴ
12
ԫ ޡ : ӫ
Ҫѡ
߬ ., ӫ߬ ., .Ѽѡ, Ӭ ´ ѽ
ѡ
䫽
ԫѽ
1919
1923
.ᡡ ٽ ѡ, ѽ Ѯ ( Ҽ Ѽѡ).
쿬 ѽ ᬫ ԡѡ ѡ.
ӿի ѡ .ᡡ ԡѮ ߬ԡѮ
ѽѬ, ԫٮ ٽ ԫ ߽ ѽ. .ᡡ
߯ Ѭ ԡү ެ. ӫ .ᡡ ӿի ӿ
ѽ. .ᡡ ӿ , ԫ ߬, ԫ ߽ ٮ
, ԫ ᪿ ӫ ߴ
濼߬ ., ǽ߬ ., .ӫ (١ .߬), ߬ Ӭ
ѡ
䫽
ԫѽ
1923
1929
.ᡡ : "ѽ Ὣ ԫ ӫ Ѭ
, ѽ . ѽ ᬫ ߫. , ١,
.쿬, Ѻᡡ ӡ ἡ. ,
쿬, ߽ , ߫, ѡ ѽѬ ߿. ū ӫ
, ѽ ӫ ѡ ԫ , ٮ ,
쿬, ӫ ӿѺ ӿի ެ ߫ Ѯ . ٽ
1929.". Ӵ, ԫ ӫ ѽ
ի ѡ : ѡ, ẽߴ
ߴ .쿬. ġ ԫ ٮ ӫ Ҭ ٽ Ӭ,
. ᬿ .ᡡ ߿ ѡѼ Ӽ.
ġ ߽ Ѽ Ѽ ᬽѡ, ѡ߽ҪѽѮ
ѡ. ӿѽߴ , ߡҽ, Ӫ .
.ᡡ ԫ 1937., ԫ ӿ Ѫ,
ԫӫ ߴ Ѯ ѡ
߬ ., ǽ߬ ., .ӫ
1929
ߴ
12
.ᡡ : " 1929. , 쿬, ӫ
ԫ ѡ߽ҪѽѮ: ԫѽ, ѡ ᬫ.
Ե , ԫ Ե Ѯ , ӫӴѼ, "
Կ߫߬ ". ѡ .쿬...
Ե Ὣ ... ƫ һԿ
Ὣ ӫү Ҽ. ᬿ ѡ , ѡ, ٽ...
58 ѡ 61-: 5 ߬ᵿѮ ... ѵ
١߿ ڿ, ӫ߿, ԫ ᬬԡѮ ߬: -ԫ ӿߴ...
麴 . Ӻ ѽ ߡ. Ҭ ѵ
ӫ. 竽ԫ ߬... Ҽ, Ҽѡ,
߫. ѼѮ ԫ , Ἤ ... ūԫ
߬: ի! իѽ Ҭ..."
.ᡡ իߴ Ѯ
Ҫѡ
19
/12
/1929
.61
ӿ
5 ѡ ߬ᵿѮ
ū ѡ [
3
], Ҫѡ 2- ԯѼ ᬽѡ Կ ٽ
ѽ ߬
ᬽѡ
߬, ԯ (1930)
1930
1930
.ᡡ : "ū߽ ѽ ެ ߬. Ἣ
ٽ Ի ٽ, Ӵ. ӫ߬ ԯ Ե
ѡ߽ҪѽѮ ߡ Կ Ἷ, ԫ
ҡ, ڿ . ūԫ ѽ ѽٮ ӻ.
ٽ ѡ߽Ҫѽ ạ ѽ ߬ . տ,
ԫ ի Կ ѽ ӿ߿ ӫ ,
ԫ Ի . . Կ ߽ᮡ,
1950-. ġ ߽ѻ. ߬: "ū "ѽ" Ѻ,
Ԭ . ſ ߫ѡү ".
һ ߡ 1930-. , ԫ ӫ Ӭ, ߫
ѽ ٻ ӫ. ѽ ԯѼٮ ӻ, ߿ѽ
ѡ߽Ҫѽ. ԫ ԫӪѡ ѡ ߫ߴ .
Ὣ ẫ ԫ. ᵿ 髽:
Ҫ Ӫ ߫, ߬ ߬. ӫ ի
Ե. ӫѽ ߽, ԫ Ի . ᡫ
ӫ ѽ . ū ᬽѡټ ߫Ἷ,
ӫ ԫ ӫ. սҽ ӿ "ѽ" ,
߿, ߫, ӫߴ ѽ ߫.
ѽ ߬ ԫӫ..."
1930
1931
.ᡡ ߬: "ѵ ѽի . 1- ,
Үټ. , ӫ ѡ߽ҪѽѮ, ٽ ߬ҽѡ. Ե
ѽѬ, իӫޫ Ѽ ѽӫ,
ӿ Կ . ӿ ߿ ٽ Կ ѡ,
Ӵѡ, ѵ ߴ Կ ի
߫Ѽ ѡ߬ .
Ե, ԫ ӫ߿ ߫, һ աҼ .
߬ , . իߴ ԫӫ . ū,
߫ Ү . ū Ѻ . ѵ ѡ
ߴ ߴ. 忽 Ѽ , ߫ ѡ
Ԭټ. ġ ѡ ٽ Ѽ . Կ ѽ
ӫ Ѽ. ի ԫ . Ԭ
߿Ѯ ѡѼ . ԫ ѡ ӫ ѵ. ĬὫ,
ٻ߬. 쿬 , ٽ Խ ѵ, ߴ, ԫ
ү. ٽ 1931.. ߬ ӿ
Ӽᡫ߬ү Ӭ. ߽Ҫ ѡ ӫ Ե 伿ӿ.
. Ե ޫ, Ҭ ߫. ٽ
ѵ . 伿ӿ ѽ Ӵ ԫ, ѽ ߴ. ġ
: ԫ ڿ, ԫ ԫ Ӵ..."
ԫ߬ ., .١߬
1931
իߴ ٽ ߡ 1931.
: "ߡ 1931., ߽ ի ԯ, Ե
իߴ ߬ ԫ 24 . ߡ ١߬, ԫ
ҽ. Ե ӿ, ߿ Ѻ ѽ:
ߴ , , ڿ, ѽ ߬ ެ..."
ӿ, .ҽ
իߴ ٽ 30- .
ū ѡ [
3
], .ᡡ ߿ѽ ԯ , ٽ ٽ
߬ ., .ѽѬ
1937
ѡ
24
ߴ
12
ٽ ԫ " Կ Ӭ-Ѭ߬ ᵿ
ү ᵿ үڿ" .. "ѽѬ߬ ѽ":
28 1937. ٽ ԫ ѻ.߬ ѽѬ߬ .
ġ ٽ ѡ ԫ, ԫ " 1936. .ѽѬ ߫
Ӭ-Ѭ߬ү ү ᵿ, Ҭ ѯ, Ѻ
ѡ ߫ ߬ ѡ ߬ . ӫ ѽѬ
߫ Կ Կ, ѽ ߫ Ӭ
Ҫ ӫ ".
ѡ ߬ " һ" ѽѬ
ԿѼ ᬫ ߬ "Ӭ-տ߬, ߬-߬
ᵿ ߬ ", ߬,
ū ѽ ѻ߬ ӫ ӫի 20 ѡ߽ҪѽѮ
߽ Ӵ, ԫᡡ Կ " ᵿ".
30 ѬӴ 1937. ѡѼ ӫ ӿ Ү߬ . ѻ߬
12 ѡ߽ҪѽѮ Ӵ ٽ ӿѡ ѽ, 8 ѽѬ
10 ѡ .
.ᡡ : " 1937 ѽѬ.
12 ѬӴ ѵ ѽ . ߽үڿ ѡ ӿѽ ᬫ-ԫ Կ
߬. Ե "ӫҽߴ". ѵ ӡҽߴ ӫѡٮ :
"ѽѼ, իѽ ѽ. ԫ , Ӭ, ߽
ѡἿ ߿. ӿ߬ Ԭߴ". 22 ѬӴ
Һ, ԫ ߬ ԫ Ե, ѡ 伿ӿ ռԫ,
Ե ѡ ǽѬ ѡԫ ߬
ѡ߽Ҫѽ. ѵ ߬: " ԫߴ"... ū߽ ...
ѵ ߪ , ԫ ѽ . ᡫ ӫ, ߫
, . ӫ ߬. ӡҽ . 麴
ѬἿ ѡ, ү-ԫ ԬԬ ӿ߫ᡡү Ե
Կ. ӫԫ: ѻ߬ ѡ Կ߫߬
. ӯ: " ѻ߬ ? ԫ ѽ ԬԬ
١߬!" Կ: " Ҽ. ߴ".
߬ѡ ԯ. Ư ٽ Ѭ,
ѽѺ ӫ. Ե ߬. . Ե ӿ ỿ߬:
ƫ ߽: "߿"..."
Ҫѡ
ӫ ӿ Ү߬ .
30
/12
/1937
ѡ
"Կ Ӭ-Ѭ߬ ᵿ"
ӿ
ѽ
鿡ټ .ᡡ ӿ
ᬽѡ
߬ ., .ѽѬ, ԯ ..
1937
ߴ
12
1938
ߴ
2
諡
1938
ѡ
18
ߴ
2
ѽ
ԫ
߬
ԫ իӫѡ
߬
.ᡡ ѡ .伿ӿ ռԫ ѡ .ǽѬ
ѡԫ ߬ ٽ ԫ "ҽ߬ ѽ"
ѽ ߬ 17 ὴ 1938.
ū߽ .ᡡ ѽ ᬫ ѽ 15 Ӵ 1938. ᡵ
߬. ᡡ ӿ, ԫ Ѻ ᬽѡ, , Ү߬ү .
ᵿ
00/00/1956
ū ѻ߿
1937
ᵿ
1.
濼߬ ⫽ (19171938)/ . . 伿ӿ. ߬, 1996. .76,7783.
2.
߬ ߫ѵ. 1988. 26 . .67.
3.
ެ . 俬 ߿// ߬ . 1998. 29 .
ѽ
1.
ɫᡫ: ӫ ӿ 鿬ԫӫ
..ռԫ: Ѫ ᡫ , 432001, .߬,
1- .ɫ, 151, .40044
(
*
)
߬ " ӿ ", , . 1997., 698.
(c) . ҽ